Religion cannot influence politics and the church cannot control the state. It is sovereign and is autonomous, Moral and religious considerations cannot bind the prince. Machiavelli said the state is superior to all associations in the human society. State is sovereign, autonomus and non-religious: Hence state must have adequate means at its disposal. The state has some primary objectives and responsibilities like protection of life, maintenance of law and order and looking after wellbeing of its members. It can never be played in a decent and orderly manner. A ruler must remember that whatever brings success and power is virtuous even cunningness, shuredness is justified. State is to be worshipped like a deity even by sacrificing the individual. He assumed that state is highest form of human association. It is a very famous statement of Machiavelli which he justified for the “Reason of state”. Self sufficiency of the state means the state will have its own army, a strong and unified government, unity and integrity among the people and solid economic foundation. To a prince power of state is of supreme importance. It cannot be mingled with the reason of the state. Morality and ethics have different spheres. Machiavelli advised the prince in preserving and safeguarding this type of state all means adopted by the state are justified. independent, self-sufficient and well ordered and well maintain state. The actions of the state must be judged only on the basis of „Raison D „Etat‟. According to him in politics, one is guided by the harsh realities of political life which is a struggle for power and survival. For preserving and safeguarding itself all means adopted by the state are justified by Machiavelli. Because the state must preserve itself before it promotes the welfare of its people. It implies actions and policies promoting safety and security of the state. Machiavelli elaborates the doctrine of Raison D ‟Etat‟: A prince must have council of wise men and not of flatterers.ġ2. He should win the popularity of his people must not touch the property of the people.ġ0. Human nature is low and ungrateful, so Prince must consider this nature of man.ĩ. A prince must combine the qualities of a lion and a fox.Ĩ. State is sovereign, autonomus and non-religious.Ĥ. Machiavelli elaborates the doctrine of „Raison D ‟Etat‟.ģ. Some significant aspects of the advise to the ruler are as follows: 1. Better safe than sorry better to be feared than to be loved.Thus from above reasons Machiavelli‟s “The Prince” is in the form of advice given to a ruler on the state craft. That said, giving out money when it is fiscally irresponsible, just to appear generous, is a mistake displaying excessive mercy in order to garner affection can prove fatal. The front princes put on to appeal to the populace is often a lie, as Machiavelli notes the better the liar, the better the prince. Reputation is another important element to consider. The prince himself should be a student of war and an avid reader of military history. Mercenaries are disloyal and divided foreign auxiliaries come already united under another master, and so are in a way even more dangerous. A prince must lay strong foundations – good laws and good arms – and if the latter is lacking, the former is rendered irrelevant. Relying on friends, good luck, or other people’s arms may make the rise easier, but holding onto his newfound power will prove a difficult task.Īccording to Machiavelli, reliance on mercenaries and auxiliaries for troops is a grave mistake. When possible, a prince should strive to rise to power on his own merits and with his own arms. A conquered state whose original prince was its sole ruler is difficult to conquer, but easy to maintain a conquered state in which the prince shared power with the barons is easy to conquer, but difficult to maintain.
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